Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV):
Here is a table detailing:-
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) |
| Discovered | 2001 |
| Virus Family | Paramyxoviridae |
| Genus | Metapneumovirus |
| Structure | Enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus |
| Primary Targets | Respiratory system |
| Affected Population | All ages, but severe cases typically in infants, young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals |
| Symptoms | – Fever |
| – Cough | |
| – Nasal congestion | |
| – Sore throat | |
| – Shortness of breath | |
| Severe Symptoms | – Bronchiolitis |
| – Pneumonia | |
| – Respiratory distress | |
| Transmission | – Respiratory droplets |
| – Direct contact with contaminated surfaces or hands | |
| Incubation Period | Typically 4–6 days |
| Diagnosis | – PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) testing |
| – Antigen detection | |
| – Serological tests | |
| Treatment | – Supportive care (e.g., hydration, oxygen therapy if needed) |
| – No specific antiviral treatment currently available | |
| Prevention | – Hand hygiene |
| – Avoiding close contact with infected individuals | |
| – Disinfecting surfaces | |
| – Masks during outbreaks | |
| Seasonality | Typically peaks in late winter and early spring |
| Global Impact | A common cause of acute respiratory infections worldwide |
| Related Viruses | Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Influenza |
Let me know if you’d like more details on any specific aspect!
Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV): Current status in India
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is indeed a significant concern, especially for infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. As of January 13, 2025, India has reported a few cases of HMPV infections, primarily among infants. Here are the details:
- Karnataka: Two cases have been identified in Bengaluru. The first involves a three-month-old female infant with a history of bronchopneumonia, and the second is a six-month-old male infant who was admitted with symptoms of fever and breathlessness. Both infants have no travel history.
- Gujarat: A case has been reported in Ahmedabad involving an infant; however, specific details are limited.
In response to these cases, the Indian Ministry of Health and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) are closely monitoring the situation. The ICMR has indicated that there is no unusual surge in HMPV cases in the country, and existing surveillance systems for respiratory illnesses are robust. Additionally, the number of laboratories testing for HMPV will be enhanced as a precautionary measure.
Health advisories have been issued in states like Maharashtra, emphasizing preventive measures such as maintaining hand hygiene, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding crowded places if symptomatic. Healthcare facilities are prepared to handle potential cases, and the public is advised to seek medical attention if symptoms worsen.
It’s important to note that HMPV is not a new virus; it has been circulating globally, including in India, since its discovery in 2001. While it typically causes mild respiratory symptoms, it can lead to severe illness in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for HMPV; management focuses on supportive care.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that the current increase in respiratory illnesses, including HMPV, in the Northern Hemisphere is within expected seasonal ranges and has not observed any unusual outbreak patterns.
Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV): Global Status :
- China: Recent reports indicate an increase in HMPV cases, particularly among children under 14. However, health officials note that the current rates are within expected seasonal ranges, and the rise is attributed to improved detection methods. The World Health Organization (WHO) has not observed any unusual outbreak patterns in China. AP News
- Europe: Countries like Ireland are closely monitoring the situation. Health authorities emphasize standard preventive measures, including hand hygiene and staying home when unwell, to mitigate the spread of respiratory infections. The Irish Sun
- Global Perspective: The WHO and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) report that the current increase in respiratory infections, including HMPV, aligns with typical seasonal patterns. There is no evidence of an unusual surge or new strain of the virus. ECDC
Preventive Measures:
- Hand Hygiene: Regular handwashing with soap and water.
- Respiratory Etiquette: Covering mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
- Avoiding Crowded Places: Especially when symptomatic.
- Staying Home When Unwell: To prevent spreading the virus to others.
Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for HMPV; management focuses on supportive care. Health experts advise standard precautions to prevent the spread of respiratory diseases.
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